Systemic Response to Hate Speech Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Hate speech based on sexual orientation and gender identity remains one of the most widespread forms of hate speech in the Republic of North Macedonia. Despite continuous reporting by civil society organizations, such cases rarely result in effective prosecutorial proceedings.

This document highlights the key trends for the period 2019–2023, identifies the consequences of impunity for hate speech, and proposes concrete measures for proactive action by law enforcement bodies