{"id":4549,"date":"2019-09-11T12:31:14","date_gmt":"2019-09-11T12:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mhc.org.mk\/uncategorized-sq\/kush-dhe-kur-do-ti-i-organizoje-sindikatat\/"},"modified":"2019-09-14T12:36:22","modified_gmt":"2019-09-14T12:36:22","slug":"kush-dhe-kur-do-ti-i-organizoje-sindikatat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mhc.org.mk\/sq\/media-sq\/kush-dhe-kur-do-ti-i-organizoje-sindikatat\/","title":{"rendered":"Kush dhe kur (do) ti\/i organizoj\u00eb sindikatat?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Villdan D\u00ebrplanin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Organizimi thelb\u00ebsor sindikal \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb vazhdueshme, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb madje edhe vikendi i lir\u00eb, si nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfitimet themelore historike, \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e pa arritshme.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMjet m\u00eb dinjitoz p\u00ebr shprehje t\u00eb personalitetit e vet\u201d, me k\u00ebt\u00eb formulim Republika e Bjellorusis\u00eb e garanton t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr pun\u00eb n\u00eb nenin 41 t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs<\/a> s\u00eb vet. \u00a0Ngjash\u00ebm me legjislativet e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb shteteve<\/a>, formulimi e thekson lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ngusht\u00eb<\/a> midis dinjitetit njer\u00ebzor dhe zgjedhje s\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe zgjedhjes s\u00eb lir\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim, kushtet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse p\u00ebr pun\u00eb dhe siguri n\u00eb raste t\u00eb mbetjes pa pun\u00eb. Krahas asaj, pothuajse \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb nxirret nj\u00eb definicion gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs p\u00ebr at\u00eb se \u00e7ka n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb do t\u00eb thon\u00eb k\u00ebto angazhime deklarative p\u00ebr shtetet e ndryshme. Debatet shum\u00ebvje\u00e7are ideologjike, t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga shtetet t\u00eb cilat t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr pun\u00eb e kan\u00eb lidhur ekskluzivisht me organizimin socialist t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb (sh. Neni 118 nga Kushtetuta e BRSS nga viti 1936<\/a>) nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe shtetet q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrqafuar bot\u00ebkuptim liberal (sh. Neni 4 nga Kushtetuta e Italis\u00eb e vitit 1948<\/a>) nga ana tjet\u00ebr, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb, pjes\u00ebrisht dhe ende jan\u00eb, burim i kuptimeve t\u00eb ndryshme. Prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb, elemente t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta i bashkojn\u00eb konceptet dhe jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr pun\u00eb, pa dallim n\u00ebse dispozitat kan\u00eb qasje individualiste (sh. neni 27 nga Kushtetuta e Japonis\u00eb<\/a>), e obligojn\u00eb shtetin (sh. neni 41 nga Kushtetuta e Indis\u00eb<\/a>) ose e drejta q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite ta konsiderojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nder ose di\u00e7ka m\u00eb lart\u00eb (sh. neni nga Kushtetuta e Jemenit<\/a>). Nj\u00eb element i till\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin n\u00eb forma dhe modalitete t\u00eb ndryshme ekziston pothuajse konsensus, \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjet kolektive<\/a>.<\/p>\n

R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e marr\u00ebveshjeve kolektive si parakusht p\u00ebr organizimin\u00a0 sindikal <\/strong><\/h5>\n

N\u00eb pajtim me definicionin e Organizat\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb pun\u00ebs (ONP)<\/a>, marr\u00ebveshje kolektive, jan\u00eb n\u00eb esenc\u00eb, negociatat q\u00eb b\u00ebhen midis nj\u00eb ose m\u00eb tep\u00ebr pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs (ose organizata t\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve), nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe nj\u00eb ose m\u00eb tep\u00ebr organizata t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve (sindikata ose grupe), nga ana tjet\u00ebr. Kusht \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb negociatat t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me: kushtet e pun\u00ebs dhe kushtet p\u00ebr; raportet midis pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve dhe\/ose rregullimi i raporteve midis organizatave t\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve dhe organizatave t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve (Neni 2 nga Konventa e ONP nr. 154<\/a>). Duke pasur parasysh gjer\u00ebsin\u00eb e t\u00eb tre kategorive, lirisht mund t\u00eb thuhet se \u00e7far\u00eb do qoft\u00eb lloji i diskutimit formal dhe joformal, i cili ndihmon n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e besimit dhe respektit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb midis pal\u00ebve e rrit cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e raporteve punuese, hyn n\u00ebn ombrell\u00ebn e marr\u00ebveshjes kolektive<\/a>. Si e till\u00eb, marr\u00ebveshja kolektive konsiderohet si mjet ky\u00e7 dhe tejet i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr formulimin e politikave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim dhe pun\u00eb. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ONP<\/a> dhe Komiteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejta ekonomike, sociale dhe kulturore (KDESK)<\/a> vazhdimisht e theksojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e sindikatave n\u00eb procesin e marr\u00ebveshjes dhe t\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave pun\u00ebtore.<\/p>\n

Duke pasur parasysh se q\u00ebllimi<\/a> i \u00a0bisedimeve rreth marr\u00ebveshjeve kolektive \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruhet marr\u00ebveshje kolektive, me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb theksohet se e drejta jon\u00eb e pun\u00ebs e vijon parimin juridik infavorem laboratoris <\/em>(neni 12 (3) nga Ligji p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e pun\u00ebs<\/a>). N\u00eb pajtim me k\u00ebt\u00eb parim juridik, me marr\u00ebveshjet kolektive dhe kontratat p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen vet\u00ebm t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb volitshme p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb drejtat t\u00eb rregulluara me ligj. Midis t\u00eb tjerave, marr\u00ebveshjet kolektive mund t\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb rroga, orar t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, pushime, bonus vjetor, mungesa prind\u00ebrimi, siguri dhe sh\u00ebndet gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs, hap\u00ebsira dhe pajisje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit sindikal, si dhe procedura p\u00ebr zgjidhje t\u00eb kontesteve dhe konsultim, bashk\u00ebpunim dhe ndarje t\u00eb informacioneve. Duke pasur parasysh at\u00eb q\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjet kolektive si\u00e7 shihet rregullojn\u00eb fusha t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet e nevojshme q\u00eb shkurtimisht t\u00eb shqyrtohet ai aspekt i dialogut social n\u00eb shtetin ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut ekzistojn\u00eb dy marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme kolektive, nj\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin privat nga fusha e ekonomis\u00eb<\/a>, si dhe 17 t\u00eb posa\u00e7me, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht marr\u00ebveshje kolektive t\u00eb deg\u00ebve. Sa u p\u00ebrket marr\u00ebveshjeve kolektive t\u00eb deg\u00ebve<\/a>, 11 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura n\u00eb sektorin privat n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa 6 jan\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb sektorin publik. Me marr\u00ebveshjet kolektive n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb deg\u00ebs gjithsej jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb 141 223 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se shkalla e marr\u00ebveshjes kolektive n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb deg\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 24,61 p\u00ebrqind, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn mesataren prej 32,2 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb OECD<\/a>. Kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb para s\u00eb gjithash me vendosjen e sindikatave dhe me struktur\u00ebn e subjekteve afariste n\u00eb shtetin<\/a>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn pjes\u00ebmarrje prej 97,7 p\u00ebrqind kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjet mikro dhe t\u00eb voglat, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00ebm 2,3 p\u00ebrqind nd\u00ebrmarrjet e mesme dhe t\u00eb vogla. Shkalla, nd\u00ebrkaq, e organizimit sindikal n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Maqedonis\u00eb Veriore \u00ebsht\u00eb 21,6 p\u00ebrqind, gj\u00eb e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb mesatares globale prej 23,81 p\u00ebrqind, por n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00ebn mesataren e Unionit Evropian prej 29,76 p\u00ebrqind<\/a>. Prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb, shkalla e organizimit sindikal nuk mund n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi ta sjell\u00eb p\u00ebr s\u00eb af\u00ebrmi gjendjen esenciale me sindikatat n\u00eb shtetin<\/a>, p\u00ebr shkak se p\u00ebr at\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme edhe analiz\u00eb e vendosjes ligjore t\u00eb organizimit pun\u00ebtor<\/p>\n

Subjektiviteti juridik i sindikatave n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut \u2013 burim i problemeve, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb zgjidhjeve <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Liria e bashkimit si e drejt\u00eb themelore e njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb e garantuar me Kushtetut\u00ebn e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut<\/a>. Ligji p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e pun\u00ebs (LMP), lirin\u00eb e t\u00eb bashkuarit, n\u00eb form\u00eb sindikate, e nxjerr nga Kushtetuta dhe e lidh me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e pun\u00ebs. Sipas LMP, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb q\u00eb sipas zgjedhjes s\u00eb tyre t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb themelojn\u00eb sindikat\u00eb dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsohen me kushtet e p\u00ebrshkruara me statutin e sindikat\u00ebs. I nj\u00ebjti ligj, sindikat\u00ebn e definon si organizat\u00eb vetanake, demokratike dhe t\u00eb pavarur e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt bashkohen me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit, avancimit dhe mbrojtjes s\u00eb interesave t\u00eb veta ekonomike, sociale dhe t\u00eb tjera individuale dhe kolektive. Sindikatat mund t\u00eb themelohen pa kurrfar\u00eb miratimit paraprak. An\u00ebtar\u00ebsia \u00a0n\u00eb sindikat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vullnetare p\u00ebrmes vendimmarrjes s\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebtorit p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim ose dalje nga sindikata (neni 185(1) nga LMP<\/a>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pajtim me Kushtetut\u00ebn, LMP parashikon se sindikatat kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb themelojn\u00eb aleanca t\u00eb veta ose forma t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bashkimit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat interesat e tyre lidhen n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilat e p\u00ebrcakton nocionin sindikat\u00eb n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb (neni 87(1) nga LMP<\/a>). N\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb themelimit dhe regjistrimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb LMP \u00ebsht\u00eb e rregulluar se vet\u00ebm sindikata n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb fiton cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb personit juridik nga dita e regjistrimit n\u00eb Regjistrin qendror t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb Veriore, pas regjistrimit paraprak n\u00eb regjistrin t\u00eb cilin e mban MPPS (neni 189(1)(2) nga LPM<\/a>).\u00a0 P\u00ebrmes rregullimit t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb subjektivitetit juridik t\u00eb sindikat\u00ebs si form\u00eb themelore t\u00eb organizimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve, sillet n\u00eb pyetje autonomia dhe pavar\u00ebsia e sindikatave t\u00eb tjera, duke pasur parasysh se vet\u00ebm sindikata n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb e p\u00ebrfiton me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e personit juridik<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se sindikatat praktikisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuara q\u00eb t\u00eb bashkohen dhe me at\u00eb ta p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e personit juridik p\u00ebrmes form\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb sindikat\u00ebs ose nd\u00ebrkaq, ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruara ti bashk\u00ebngjiten sindikatave tanim\u00eb ekzistuese n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb papenguar ta realizojn\u00eb funksionin e vet themelor. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj sindikatat e nivelit m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt nuk mund t\u00eb disponojn\u00eb me llogari t\u00eb vet transaksioni dhe vul\u00eb dhe t\u00eb paraqiten n\u00eb qarkullimin juridik si person juridik<\/a>. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe gjat\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb mbrojtjes gjyq\u00ebsore t\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr bashkim t\u00eb sindikatave, p\u00ebr shkakun se sindikata n\u00eb situat\u00ebn p\u00ebr mospasje t\u00eb subjektivitetit juridik \u00ebsht\u00eb e penguar q\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb si person juridik t\u00eb parashtroj\u00eb padi n\u00eb gjykat\u00ebn kompetente. Legjitimacioni aktiv p\u00ebr parashtrimin e padis\u00eb n\u00eb rast t\u00eb till\u00eb kalon n\u00eb sindikat\u00ebn n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e bashkuar sindikata.<\/p>\n

Vendosja e till\u00eb e bashkimit sindikal p\u00ebrmban rreziqe serioze p\u00ebr monopolizim t\u00eb organizimit dhe i largon pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt nga sindikatat e tyre am\u00eb. Deri tani, zgjidhja ligjore n\u00eb praktik\u00eb rezultoi me mos-dukshm\u00ebri t\u00eb sindikatave pa subjektivitet juridik dhe me probleme t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr sindikatat n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb konsultimit dhe angazhimit t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsis\u00eb. N\u00eb momente kur hartimi i LMP t\u00eb ri, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe dispozitat p\u00ebr rregullimin e liris\u00eb s\u00eb bashkimit n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e pun\u00ebs dhe korniz\u00ebn n\u00ebn t\u00eb cil\u00ebn\u00a0 zhvillohet procesi i bisedimeve p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshje kolektive dhe greva, intensifikohet, me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb pashmangshme \u00ebsht\u00eb ti pyesim sindikatat q\u00eb na p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb \u00a0se \u00e7ka nd\u00ebrmarrim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb caktuar. Ndryshimi i subjektivitetit juridik t\u00eb sindikatave mund t\u00eb sjell probleme dhe dob\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja potenciale, por n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb do rasti sindikatat kan\u00eb p\u00ebr detyr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb afat n\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb hapin debat p\u00ebr at\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje dhe vazhdimisht ti informojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb konsultohen me an\u00ebtar\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshimet e propozuara. Posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak se organizimi thelb\u00ebsor sindikal \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb vazhdueshme, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr shum\u00eb nga pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt madje edhe vikendi i lir\u00eb, si nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfitimet themelore historike, \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e pa arritshme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Villdan D\u00ebrplanin Organizimi thelb\u00ebsor sindikal \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb vazhdueshme, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb madje edhe vikendi i lir\u00eb, si nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfitimet themelore historike, \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e pa arritshme. \u201cMjet m\u00eb dinjitoz p\u00ebr shprehje t\u00eb personalitetit e vet\u201d, me k\u00ebt\u00eb formulim Republika e Bjellorusis\u00eb e garanton t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr pun\u00eb n\u00eb nenin 41 t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n

Read More… from Kush dhe kur (do) ti\/i organizoj\u00eb sindikatat?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-media-sq","category-media-web-sq"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKush dhe kur (do) ti\/i organizoj\u00eb sindikatat? - Komitetit t\u00eb Helsinkit p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mhc.org.mk\/sq\/media-sq\/kush-dhe-kur-do-ti-i-organizoje-sindikatat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kush 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