{"id":11324,"date":"2020-10-26T09:24:40","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T09:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mhc.org.mk\/uncategorized-sq\/punetoret-e-shredinger-it\/"},"modified":"2020-10-26T09:24:40","modified_gmt":"2020-10-26T09:24:40","slug":"punetoret-e-shredinger-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mhc.org.mk\/sq\/media-sq\/punetoret-e-shredinger-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e Shredinger-it"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vildan Drpljanin<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkufizimi n\u00eb Ligjin p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune, ku vet\u00ebm ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb kontrat\u00eb pune t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar konsiderohen pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb i pasakt\u00eb dhe margjinalizon shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa ose me nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs (gojore, kontrat\u00eb n\u00eb vep\u00ebr, etj.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kur nj\u00eb person shkon n\u00eb pun\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb, n\u00eb fundjav\u00eb ose p\u00ebr festa shtet\u00ebrore, fiton “pag\u00eb” dhe ka detyra pune, do t\u00eb ishte krejt\u00ebsisht e pritshme t\u00eb thuhet se b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor. Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00eb Maqedoni, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto element\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb thon\u00eb asgj\u00eb<\/a> n\u00ebse ai person nuk ka lidhur nj\u00eb kontrat\u00eb pune me shkrim, p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim. Ligji p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune<\/a> p\u00ebrcakton korniz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr mbrojtje n\u00eb lidhje me pun\u00ebn dhe parashikon q\u00eb pun\u00ebtori \u00ebsht\u00eb “person fizik i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i pun\u00ebsuar n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrate pune” (neni 5 (1) -2<\/a>)]. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb legjislacioni yn\u00eb i jep m\u00eb shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi nj\u00eb cope letre sesa situat\u00ebs reale n\u00eb terren. K\u00ebshtu, num\u00ebr i madh i njer\u00ebzve jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb paqart\u00eb – ata n\u00eb fakt jan\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, por ligj\u00ebrisht nuk konsiderohen t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar dhe nuk g\u00ebzojn\u00eb mbrojtje sistemike. Kjo situat\u00eb i ngjason nj\u00eb eksperiment mendimi “Macja e Shredingerit<\/a>” p\u00ebr shkak se kap paradoksin q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb midis teoris\u00eb dhe praktik\u00ebs, kur ndjekja e pakusht\u00ebzuar e asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb realitet, rezulton me pasoja n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me mendjen e sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkufizimi si parakusht p\u00ebr mbrojtje<\/strong><\/h5>\n

R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtje shihet p\u00ebrmes faktit se nga klasifikimi n\u00ebse nj\u00eb person i caktuar \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00ebtor apo jo fillimisht varet n\u00ebse ligji do t\u00eb vlej\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb person<\/a> dhe n\u00ebse ai person do t\u00eb ket\u00eb sigurimi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe pensional<\/a>. Prandaj, ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb “vet\u00ebm” fizikisht pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, pa pasur kontrat\u00eb pune me shkrim<\/em>, nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb garanci se do t\u00eb paguhen p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tyre dhe mund t\u00eb mbeten pa pun\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00ebse k\u00ebta pun\u00ebtor\u00eb t\u00eb paparaqitur l\u00ebndohen ose rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb humbin jet\u00ebn e tyre, nuk mund t\u00eb raportojn\u00eb parregullsi dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb d\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblim sepse sh\u00ebrbimet e inspektimit nuk mund t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb dhe rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebshkohen sepse “nuk jan\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb”.<\/p>\n

Ky p\u00ebrkufizim teknik, ku vet\u00ebm ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb lidhur kontrat\u00eb pune t\u00eb shkruar konsiderohen pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb i pasakt\u00eb dhe margjinalizon shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa ose me nj\u00eb form\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs (gojore<\/a>, kontrat\u00eb n\u00eb vep\u00ebr<\/a> dhe t\u00eb ngjashme). N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, kjo zgjidhje do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb mij\u00ebra pun\u00ebtor\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb dijeni t\u00eb faktit se ata nuk i n\u00ebnshtrohen mbrojtjes ligjore sepse sistemi nuk i konsideron ata aspak si t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar. Zakonisht, ata e kuptojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb von\u00eb, kur asgj\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin institucional, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht kur nuk do t\u00eb paguhen p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar, kur do t\u00eb l\u00ebndohen dhe \/ ose kur kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr sigurim sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe pensional. Duke pasur parasysh se pothuajse gjysma e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve maqedonas nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur me p\u00ebrmbajtjen e kontrat\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebs<\/a> b\u00ebhet e qart\u00eb se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem serioz n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 asaj q\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit kan\u00eb detyrim ligjor t\u00eb paraqesin \u00e7do pun\u00ebtor<\/a> dhe Inspektorati Shtet\u00ebror i Pun\u00ebs paraqet \u00e7do vit num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb kall\u00ebzimeve p\u00ebr kund\u00ebrvajtje<\/a> n\u00eb lidhje me pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e pa paraqitur, fakti q\u00eb n\u00eb Maqedoni madje 18,5 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve punojn\u00eb t\u00eb pa paraqitur<\/a> sugjeron se sistemi nuk funksionon dhe se p\u00ebrkufizimi duhet t\u00eb zgjerohet.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

N\u00eb pritje t\u00eb Ligjit t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune<\/a>, pothuajse edhe nuk ka diskutim rreth k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtje, me \u00e7ka mbetet aktual rreziku q\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimi t\u00eb ngelet i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb ngelin jasht\u00eb sistemit. Duke pasur parasysh t\u00eb gjitha pasojat e p\u00ebrmendura t\u00eb cilat i bart me vete puna n\u00eb lidhje me sigurin\u00eb dhe parashikimin e vendit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e t\u00eb drejtave civile q\u00eb burojn\u00eb direkt nga statusi i pun\u00ebtorit, nuk duhet t\u00eb lejohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e nj\u00eb kontrate mbi realitetin.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 p\u00ebrmes kontrat\u00ebs s\u00eb shkruar, ekzistenca e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies s\u00eb pun\u00ebs mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb: ardhjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs, pagimit t\u00eb pag\u00ebs dhe \/ ose shp\u00ebrblimeve, vart\u00ebsis\u00eb, kontrollit dhe sjelljes sikur t\u00eb jet\u00eb themeluar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrate pune, pavar\u00ebsisht nga lloji i kontrat\u00ebs – p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kontrat\u00ebn gojore, kontrat\u00ebn n\u00eb vep\u00ebr, angazhim, sh\u00ebrbime dhe t\u00eb ngjashme. Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt punojn\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht kontrat\u00eb gojore, jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb preksh\u00ebm, sepse sipas legjislacionit aktual, kontratat t\u00eb pun\u00ebs me goj\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme dhe k\u00ebta pun\u00ebtor\u00eb nuk g\u00ebzojn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb mbrojtje ligjore. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb do t\u00eb mbronte qytetar\u00ebt e kategorive t\u00eb prekshme t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb njoftuar me llojet e ndryshme t\u00eb kontratave dhe pasojat q\u00eb ato prodhojn\u00eb, dhe do t’u mund\u00ebsonte institucioneve akses p\u00ebr nj\u00eb luft\u00eb m\u00eb aktive p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur t\u00eb drejtat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Intervenimi n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrkufizimin imponohet gjithashtu edhe nga transponimi i legjislacionit evropian, sepse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb Ligji do t\u00eb harmonizohet me Marr\u00ebveshjen p\u00ebr Funksionimin e Bashkimit Evropian C-326\/49<\/a> dhe Direktiv\u00ebn 2006\/54 \/ EC t\u00eb Parlamentit Evropian dhe K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 5 korrik 2006<\/a>. N\u00eb at\u00eb kuptim, ndryshimi i p\u00ebrkufizimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb identik me rekomandimin num\u00ebr 2, pika 3 e Memorandumit teknik t\u00eb Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs nga viti 2019<\/a>. K\u00ebto dokumente p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb standardet e pranuara nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare<\/a> t\u00eb cilat promovojn\u00eb mbrojtjen e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve duke siguruar p\u00ebrdorimin e t\u00eb drejtave dhe mund\u00ebsive ekzistuese nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb i madh i pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e krizave pun\u00ebtore, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb pandemia aktuale, kur mungesa e aksesit n\u00eb sigurimin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe mungesa e mbrojtjes institucionale p\u00ebr shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb dhe familjet e tyre mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb nj\u00eb goditje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb mbi ekzistenc\u00ebn e tyre.<\/p>\n

Ligji i ri duhet t\u00eb adresoj\u00eb k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje dhe t\u00eb riformuloj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimin p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse me at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet se pun\u00ebtor \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7do person fizik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies s\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe \/ ose ka kontrat\u00eb pune me pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, mbrojtja ligjore do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb kontrat\u00eb pune, por jan\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pun\u00eb reale.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vildan Drpljanin P\u00ebrkufizimi n\u00eb Ligjin p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune, ku vet\u00ebm ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb kontrat\u00eb pune t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar konsiderohen pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb i pasakt\u00eb dhe margjinalizon shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa ose me nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs (gojore, kontrat\u00eb n\u00eb vep\u00ebr, etj.) Kur nj\u00eb person shkon n\u00eb pun\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb, n\u00eb fundjav\u00eb ose […]<\/p>\n

Read More… from Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e Shredinger-it<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11250,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-media-sq","category-media-web-sq"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e Shredinger-it - Komitetit t\u00eb Helsinkit p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mhc.org.mk\/sq\/media-sq\/punetoret-e-shredinger-it\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e Shredinger-it - Komitetit t\u00eb Helsinkit p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vildan Drpljanin P\u00ebrkufizimi n\u00eb Ligjin p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune, ku vet\u00ebm ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb kontrat\u00eb pune t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar konsiderohen pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb i pasakt\u00eb dhe margjinalizon shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa ose me nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs (gojore, kontrat\u00eb n\u00eb vep\u00ebr, etj.) 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